Low-Carbon Strategies for Three-Dimensional Urban Form: Global Cooling Demand Is Reshaping the Logic of Urban Planning
A study covering 140 global cities reveals that the pattern of urban expansion matters more than scale in determining cooling energy demand. Disorderly horizontal sprawl drives up energy consumption, while compact vertical development offers structural advantages. This is not merely an energy issue—it is a strategic watershed for urbanization in the Global South.
Based on the latest research in Nature Communications, this article analyzes from an urban strategy perspective the structural relationship between urban form and cooling demand, pointing out that cities worldwide are facing a paradigm shift from two-dimensional expansion to three-dimensional governance, and that compact cities will become key to climate adaptation and competitiveness.




